When launched on June 7, 1958, she was the largest ship on North America's Great Lakes, and she remains the largest to have sunk there.She was located in deep water on November 14, 1975, by a U.S. Navy aircraft detecting magnetic . The simulation indicated such a rogue wave could almost completely submerge the bow or stern of the ship with water, at least temporarily. The primary objective was to record 3-D videotape for use in museum educational programs and the production of documentaries. Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, invested in the iron and minerals industries on a large-scale basis, including the construction of Edmund Fitzgerald, which represented the first such investment by any American life insurance company. [27] In Edmund Fitzgerald's case, they signed a 25-year contract with Oglebay Norton Corporation to operate the vessel. The creation of the online database . First voyage: Sept. 24, 1958. It had 29 crew during its sinking on 10 November 1975 due to a storm in Lake Superior. SS Edmund Fitzgerald was an American Great Lakes freighter that sank in Lake Superior during a storm on November 10, 1975, with the loss of the entire crew of 29 men. The Edmund Fitzgerald was lost with her entire crew of 29 men on Lake Superior November 10, 1975, 17 miles north-northwest of Whitefish Point, Michigan. The sinking led to changes in Great Lakes shipping regulations and practices that included mandatory survival suits, depth finders, positioning systems, increased freeboard, and more frequent inspection of vessels. the family didn't tell Brabon's sister, who . When launched in 1958, the Edmund Fitzgerald was the largest ship traversing the Great Lakes, setting records for hauling taconite iron ore mined in Minnesota and destined for Midwest steel mills. 7 and 8 and both coamings were fractured and severely distorted. Edmund Fitzgerald may have been swamped, suffered structural failure or topside damage, grounded on a shoal, or suffered from a combination of these. She and her sister ship, the Edward Y. Townsend, carried iron ore and other bulk cargo to and from Great Lakes ports for six decades. It's the unsafest commercial vessel afloat. The SS Edmund Fitzgerald was an American Great Lakes freighter that sank, during a storm, in Lake Superior on November 10, 1975. [70], A U.S. Navy Lockheed P-3 Orion aircraft, piloted by Lt. George Conner and equipped to detect magnetic anomalies usually associated with submarines, found the wreck on November 14, 1975. [64] Canadian Coast Guard aircraft joined the three-day search and the Ontario Provincial Police established and maintained a beach patrol all along the eastern shore of Lake Superior. This week marks 40 years since the Fitzgerald and its 29 crew members went down in Lake Superior. [47], Shortly after 3:30p.m., Captain McSorley radioed Arthur M. Anderson to report that Edmund Fitzgerald was taking on water and had lost two vent covers and a fence railing. Although the director of the GLSHS admitted to conducting a sonar scan of the wreck in 2002, he denied such a survey required a license at the time it was carried out. "Hull 301" of Great Lakes Engineering Works, River Rouge yard, was christened the Edmund Fitzgerald, and launched and delivered for service later this season. "[188] Mark Thompson wrote, "Since the loss of the Fitz, some captains may be more prone to go to anchor, rather than venturing out in a severe storm, but there are still too many who like to portray themselves as 'heavy weather sailors. Some theories deal with the weather conditions as well as focusing on equipment malfunctions that took . But hopefully closure and peace came to the families of those crew members that perished in . There were two guest staterooms for passengers. The crew of Wilfred Sykes followed the radio conversations between Edmund Fitzgerald and Arthur M. Anderson during the first part of their trip and overheard their captains deciding to take the regular Lake Carriers' Association downbound route. [125] A seiche, or standing wave, that occurred during the low-pressure system over Lake Superior on November 10, 1975, caused the lake to rise 3 feet (0.91m) over the Soo Locks's gates to flood Portage Avenue in Sault Ste. Its mysterious demise inspired Gordon Lightfoot's hit song "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald" (1976), which helped make it the most famous shipwreck in the Great Lakes. The ship is scheduled to transport the cargo to Zug Island on the Detroit River. [140] Ramsay noted that Edmund Fitzgerald's hull was built with an all-welded (instead of riveted) modular fabrication method,[141] which was used for the first time in the GLEW shipyard. [100], Extreme weather and sea conditions play a role in all of the published hypotheses regarding Edmund Fitzgerald's sinking, but they differ on the other causal factors. The Edmund Fitzgerald is loaded with taconite pellets at Burlington Northern Railroad, Dock 1. On November 10, 1975, SS Edmund Fitzgerald and its crew of 29 men sank in Lake Superior. [82] He said: This placement does not support the hypothesis that the ship plunged to the bottom in one piece, breaking apart when it struck bottom. "[62], Lacking appropriate search-and-rescue vessels to respond to Edmund Fitzgerald's disaster,[62] at approximately 9:00p.m., the USCG asked Arthur M. Anderson to turn around and look for survivors. The hatch covers were missing from hatches Nos. [9], Edmund Fitzgerald left Superior, Wisconsin, at 2:15p.m. on the afternoon of November 9, 1975,[37] under the command of Captain Ernest M. McSorley. [65], Although the search recovered debris, including lifeboats and rafts, none of the crew were found. [193] A legal document signed by 46relatives of the deceased, officials of the Mariners' Church of Detroit and the Great Lakes Shipwreck Historic Society (GLSHS) "donated the custodian and conservatorship" of the bell to the GLSHS "to be incorporated in a permanent memorial at Whitefish Point, Michigan, to honor the memory of the 29men of the SS Edmund Fitzgerald. She set seasonal haul records six different times. Edmund Fitzgerald: The Legendary Great Lakes Shipwreck [Andra-Warner, Elle] on Amazon.com. [134] After August B. Herbel Jr., president of the American Society for Testing and Materials, examined photographs of the welds on Edmund Fitzgerald, he stated, "the hull was just being held together with patching plates." [98][99] In 2009, a further amendment to the Ontario Heritage Act imposed licensing requirements on any type of surveying device. (5) $580.00 FREE shipping. . On the afternoon of November 9, 1975 the Fitzgerald departed Superior, Wisconsin en route to the steel mill on Zug Island, near Detroit, Michigan. [44] After 1:50p.m., when Arthur M. Anderson logged winds of 50 knots (93km/h; 58mph), wind speeds again picked up rapidly, and it began to snow at 2:45p.m., reducing visibility; Arthur M. Anderson lost sight of Edmund Fitzgerald, which was about 16 miles (26km) ahead at the time. They also set records for the deepest scuba dive on the Great Lakes and the deepest shipwreck dive, and were the first divers to reach Edmund Fitzgerald without the aid of a submersible. [39] Around 5p.m., Edmund Fitzgerald joined a second freighter under the command of Captain Jesse B. According the article called Edmund Fitzgerald, "At 729 feet and 13,632 gross tons she was the largest ship on the Great Lakes, for thirteen years, until 1971.". Some attribute the fame to Gordon Lightfoot popular song about the tragedy. [127], Another published hypothesis contends that an already weakened structure, and modification of Edmund Fitzgerald's winter load line (which allows heavier loading and travel lower in the water), made it possible for large waves to cause a stress fracture in the hull. About the Fitzgerald. [3][4] GLEW laid the first keel plate on August 7 the same year. [79] MacInnis concluded that the notes and video obtained during the dives did not provide an explanation why Edmund Fitzgerald sank. For data concerning Canadian areas, Canadian authorities have been consulted. [9][14] Ramsay concluded that increasing the hull length to 729 feet (222m) resulted in an L/D slenderness ratio (the ratio of the length of the ship to the depth of her structure)[142] that caused excessive multi-axial bending and springing of the hull, and that the hull should have been structurally reinforced to cope with her increased length.[143]. The USCG took the position that only the captain could decide when it was safe to sail.[172]. Frederick Stonehouse wrote: Stewards treated the guests to the entire VIP routine. On November 10, 1975, the S.S. Edmund Fitzgerald broke in half and sunk in Lake Superior. Built at River Rouge MI by Great Lakes Engineering Works, Hull 303. The Fitzgerald suffered from structural problems. "[92], Under the Ontario Heritage Act, activities on registered archeological sites require a license. But it's nothing but a motorized barge! ", Lightfoot changed the third line to "At 7 p.m. it grew dark, it was then". The Edmund Fitzgerald was ordered by the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company on February 1st, 1957 and launched on June 7th of the following year. If this were true, the two sections would be much closer. It was laid down on March 18th, 1959 and went onto be launched on November 7th of that same year. He theorized that the loss of the vents resulted in flooding of two ballast tanks or a ballast tank and a walking tunnel that caused the ship to list. The SS Daniel J. Morrell, like the Edmund Fitzgerald, was a victim of one of those "gales of November." Though she lacks the notoriety of the ship popularized by Lightfoot, her own story is even stranger. This is based on the "regular" huge waves of the storm and does not necessarily involve rogue waves.[128]. SS Edmund Fitzgerald (ogs kaldet Mighty Fitz, The Fitz og The Big Fitz) var et amerikansk fragtskib, som sejlede i Great Lakes-distriktet i Nordamerika. Despite the passage of time, the story of the SS Edmund Fitzgerald continues to fascinate the residents of the Great Lakes state and beyond. The full name was SS Edmund Fitzgerald. Despite repeated attempts to raise the USCG, Cooper was not successful until 7:54p.m. when the officer on duty asked him to keep watch for a 16-foot (4.9m) boat lost in the area. A few vessel operators have built Great Lakes ships with watertight subdivisions in the cargo holds since 1975, but most vessels operating on the lakes cannot prevent flooding of the entire cargo hold area. [18] In 1969, the ship's maneuverability was improved by the installation of a diesel-powered bow thruster. The SS Edmund Fitzgerald The Story of The Edmund Fitzgerald: The History. [4] While navigating the Soo Locks he would often come out of the pilothouse and use a bullhorn to entertain tourists with a commentary on details about Edmund Fitzgerald. 2 hatch was fractured and buckled. It was 730 feet long, 75 feet wide, and 39 feet high. [175], Under maritime law, ships fall under the jurisdiction of the admiralty courts of their flag country. [82], The stress fracture hypothesis was supported by the testimony of former crewmen. Ex-Fitzgerald crew member George Burgner claimed in a deposition that unrepaired cracks and weakened metal on the ship caused the loss, according . . [97] On the basis of the amended law, to protect wreck sites considered "watery graves", the Ontario government issued updated regulations in January 2006, including an area with a 500-meter (1,640ft) radius around Edmund Fitzgerald and other specifically designated marine archeological sites. Gordon Lightfoot's song "The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald" (1976, Moose Music, Ltd.) is a tribute to this ship wreck and the men who lost their lives.Some of the lyrics of the song are given below along with descriptions of related events. [102] Analysis of the simulation showed that two separate areas of high wind appeared over Lake Superior at 4:00p.m. on November 10. The Edmund Fitzgerald set numerous records for carrying the most amount of . You're walking away from us anyway I can't stay with you. [4] The vessel's record load for a single trip was 27,402 long tons (30,690 short tons; 27,842t) in 1969. The NTSB made the following observations based on the CURV-III survey: The No. She was found with cracks after the Big Fitz sank and then they scrapped her in 1986, so . [2] The report concluded that these devices failed to prevent waves from inundating the cargo hold. She was loaded with 26,116 tons of taconite pellets at the Burlington Northern Railroad, Dock #1. The Real Housewives of Atlanta The Bachelor Sister Wives 90 Day Fiance Wife Swap The Amazing Race Australia Married at First Sight The Real Housewives of Dallas My 600-lb Life Last Week Tonight . The USCG and NTSB investigated whether Edmund Fitzgerald broke apart due to structural failure of the hull and because the 1976 CURVIII survey found Edmund Fitzgerald's sections were 170 feet (52m) from each other, the USCG's formal casualty report of July 1977 concluded that she had separated upon hitting the lake floor. [103] The southeastern part of the lake, the direction in which Edmund Fitzgerald was heading, had the highest winds. [49] McSorley said that he would slow his ship down so that Arthur M. Anderson could close the gap between them. [24] More than 15,000 people attended Edmund Fitzgerald's christening and launch ceremony on June 7, 1958. 8:30 AM. [19], By ore freighter standards, the interior of Edmund Fitzgerald was luxurious. [23] Fitzgerald had attempted to dissuade the naming of the ship after himself proposing the names Centennial, Seaway, Milwaukee and Northwestern. "[148] Thereafter, at the request of the Marine Board and the Commander of the USCG Ninth District, the Canadian Hydrographic Service conducted a survey of the area surrounding Michipicoten Island and Caribou Island in 1976. [43] Arthur M. Anderson and Edmund Fitzgerald altered course northward seeking shelter along the Ontario shore[40] where they encountered a winter storm at 1:00a.m. on November 10. "[150] Frederick Stonehouse also held that the lack of watertight bulkheads caused Edmund Fitzgerald to sink. The second sister follows close behind before the water can drain, heaves herself over the railings, smears . Air conditioning extended to the crew quarters, which featured more amenities than usual. A round trip between Superior, Wisconsin, and Detroit, Michigan, usually took her five days and she averaged 47similar trips per season. The third incoming wave again adds to the two accumulated backwashes, quickly overloading the deck with too much water. THE EDMUND FITZGERALD LEAVES PORT from northwestern Wisconsin on November 9, 1975. 1 deck, arch cargo hold construction, hatches @ 24', oil-fired . Edmund Fitzgerald lay about 15 miles (13nmi; 24km) west of Deadman's Cove, Ontario (about 8 miles (7.0nmi; 13km) northwest of Pancake Bay Provincial Park), 17 miles (15nmi; 27km) from the entrance to Whitefish Bay to the southeast, in Canadian waters close to the international boundary at a depth of 530 feet (160m). Marie. A freighter that had been in service for 17 years, the ship went down on the night of November 10, 1975, killing all 29 of the . Morrell. [31] Loading Edmund Fitzgerald with taconite pellets took about four and a half hours, while unloading took around 14hours. [110] The NTSB came to the same conclusion as USCG because: The proximity of the bow and stern sections on the bottom of Lake Superior indicated that the vessel sank in one piece and broke apart either when it hit bottom or as it descended. [44] Captain Paquette of Wilfred Sykes reported that after 1a.m., he overheard McSorley say that he had reduced the ship's speed because of the rough conditions. 2:20 PM. Without warning or a distress signal, the Edmund Fitzgerald sank some 17 miles from Whitefish Bay near Sault Ste. On 7th June 1958, it was launched. 5 hatch coaming. Steel Great Lakes bulk freighter. [169] Paquette was never asked to testify during the USCG or NTSB investigations. Today in Great Lake news, well history lesson of Great Lakes, I should say :) The Arthur B Homer, or the sister ship of the Edmund Fitzgerald, which I have given a history on before, entered service on April 20, 1960. "[10] The ship's value at that time was $7 million (equivalent to $52.4million in 2021[11]). [94], An April 2005 amendment to the Ontario Heritage Act allows the Ontario government to impose a license requirement on dives, the operation of submersibles, side scan sonars or underwater cameras within a designated radius around protected sites. The Homer was of a slightly different design, being 730 long, and she lacked the guest quarters of the Fitzgerald. Link as the support vessel, and their manned submersible, Celia. . [36] Freshwater ships are built to last more than half a century, and Edmund Fitzgerald would have still had a long career ahead of her when she sank. As a result, ineffective hatch closure caused Edmund Fitzgerald to flood and founder.[111]. Captain McSorley said he did not like the action of a ship he described as a "wiggling thing" that scared him. Than the Edmund Fitzgerald weighed empty. [7] Her nicknames included "Fitz", "Pride of the American Side",[28] "Mighty Fitz", "Toledo Express",[29] "Big Fitz",[30] and the "Titanic of the Great Lakes". The bow section would have had to right itself and the stern portion would have had to capsize before coming to rest on the bottom. [194], An uproar occurred in 1995 when a maintenance worker in St. Ignace, Michigan, refurbished the bell by stripping the protective coating applied by Michigan State University experts. Former Second Mate Richard Orgel, who served on Edmund Fitzgerald in 1972 and 1973, testified that "the ship had a tendency to bend and spring during storms 'like a diving board after somebody has jumped off. Edmund Fitzgerald: The Legendary Great Lakes Shipwreck . [89] The Sault Tribe of Chippewa Indians backed the expedition by co-signing a loan in the amount of $250,000. "[42], At 2:00a.m. on November 10, the NWS upgraded its warnings from gale to storm, forecasting winds of 3550 knots (6593km/h; 4058mph). rushes over the hull, empty of sailors, fills the ship with water. On the Great Lakes of North America, she took the record as the largest ship. 1960 Arthur B. Homer 1986. Most of the crew were from Ohio and Wisconsin;[67] their ages ranged from 20 (watchman Karl A. Peckol) to 63 (Captain McSorley). [46] Woodard testified to the Marine Board that he overheard McSorley say, "Don't allow nobody on deck,"[53] as well as something about a vent that Woodard could not understand. Based on the NWS forecast, Arthur M. Anderson and Edmund Fitzgerald instead started their trip across Lake Superior following the regular Lake Carriers Association route, which placed them in the path of the storm. [112] Paul Trimble, a retired USCG vice admiral and president of the Lake Carriers Association (LCA), wrote a letter to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) on September 16, 1977, that included the following statements of objection to the USCG findings: The present hatch covers are an advanced design and are considered by the entire lake shipping industry to be the most significant improvement over the telescoping leaf covers previously used for many years The one-piece hatch covers have proven completely satisfactory in all weather conditions without a single vessel loss in almost 40years of use and no water accumulation in cargo holds[113], It was common practice for ore freighters, even in foul weather, to embark with not all cargo clamps locked in place on the hatch covers. 730' LOA, 711' LBP, 75' beam, 39' depth. [78] Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution provided Edwin A. Her crew of 29 perished, and no bodies were recovered. The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald. [153], After Edmund Fitzgerald foundered, Great Lakes shipping companies were accused of valuing cargo payloads more than human life,[154] since the vessel's cargo hold of 860,950 cubic feet (24,379m3) had been divided by two non-watertight traverse "screen" bulkheads. It is, therefore, concluded that the Edmund Fitzgerald did not capsize on the surface.[55]. The Edmund Fitzgerald left Superior on November 9 for a steel mill in Detroit. The journey ended about 17 miles north-northwest of . The Edmund Fitzgerald's final voyage. [116], The NTSB conducted computer studies,[117] testing and analysis to determine the forces necessary to collapse the hatch covers[118] and concluded that Edmund Fitzgerald sank suddenly from flooding of the cargo hold "due to the collapse of one or more of the hatch covers under the weight of giant boarding seas" instead of flooding gradually due to ineffective hatch closures. . Thousands of ships have sunk in Great Lakes since the European explorers began navigating the Lakes in late 1600. [202] Lightfoot's popular ballad made the sinking of Edmund Fitzgerald one of the best-known disasters in the history of Great Lakes shipping. The vessel's namesake, Arthur Marvin Anderson, was director of U.S. Steel, a member of its finance . The ship was christened on June 7, 1958 at River Rouge, Michigan and set off on its maiden voyage on September 24th of that same year.From the time of her christening until 1971, the Edmund Fitzgerald The final voyage of Edmund Fitzgerald, that commenced on November 9th, 1975, and its subsequent disappearance, are extremely mysterious. That evening, the ship radioed another vessel, Avafors . [35], Captain Cooper of Arthur M. Anderson reported that his ship was "hit by two 30 to 35 foot seas about 6:30p.m., one burying the aft cabins and damaging a lifeboat by pushing it right down onto the saddle. It's the last and the largest ship ever lost on the lakes. [173], Mark Thompson countered that "the Coast Guard laid bare [its] own complacency" by blaming the sinking of Edmund Fitzgerald on industry-wide complacency since it had inspected Edmund Fitzgerald just two weeks before she sank. The first wave introduces an abnormally large amount of water onto the deck. This water is unable to fully drain away before the second wave strikes, adding to the surplus. Unfortunately, the final words transmitted from the Edmund Fitzgerald during the early evening of November 10, 1975 inaccurately assessed how the freighter was managing a terrifying storm. 7. The U.S. Navy also contracted Seaward, Inc., to conduct a second survey between November 22 and 25. they came to town with limestone for C Reiss, left with iron ore for Connneaut. A replica engraved with the names of the 29sailors who died replaced the original on the wreck. As a result, Edmund Fitzgerald plummeted to the bottom without warning. SS Edmund Fitsgerald sank pludselig d. 10. november 1975 p 160 m vand uden forudgende udsendelse af ndsignal. Her belly is heavy, loaded down with twenty-six thousand tons of taconite pellets. The USCG replied that their monitoring equipment indicated that both instruments were inactive. 1. However, none has been as famous as Edmund Fitzgerald. [16] Oglebay Norton immediately designated Edmund Fitzgerald the flagship of its Columbia Transportation fleet. Of the big lake they called Gitche Gumee. [106], At the time of the sinking, the ship Arthur M. Anderson reported northwest winds of 57mph (50kn; 92km/h), matching the simulation analysis result of 54mph (47kn; 87km/h). The towed survey system and the Mini Rover ROV were designed, built and operated by Chris Nicholson of Deep Sea Systems International, Inc.[75] Participants included the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the National Geographic Society, the United States Army Corps of Engineers, the Great Lakes Shipwreck Historical Society (GLSHS), and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, the latter providing RV Grayling as the support vessel for the ROV. Prior to the load-line increases she was said to be a "good riding ship" but afterwards Edmund Fitzgerald became a sluggish ship with slower response and recovery times. This ship will have the unique opportunity to commemorate a . All of the 14other clamps were undamaged and in the open position. The sinking of the SS Edmund Fitzgerald - November 10, 1975 The SS Edmund Fitzgerald sank in Lake Superior 20 years ago. Oglebay Norton subsequently filed a petition in the U.S. District Court seeking to "limit their liability to $817,920 in connection with other suits filed by families of crew members. [119] Conjecture by proponents of the Six Fathom Shoal hypothesis concluded that Edmund Fitzgerald's downed fence rail reported by McSorley could occur only if the ship "hogged" during shoaling, with the bow and stern bent downward and the midsection raised by the shoal, pulling the railing tight until the cables dislodged or tore under the strain. Instead, a hand line was the only method Edmund Fitzgerald had to take depth soundings. The Fitzgerald and the Arthur M. Anderson, another freighter on . Average wave heights increased to near 19 feet (5.8m) by 7:00p.m., November 10, and winds exceeded 50mph (43kn; 80km/h) over most of southeastern Lake Superior. Sister Lakes Postcard, Collectible Chautauqua Lake Postcards, Edmund Fitzgerald previously reported being in significant difficulty to Arthur M. Anderson: "I have a bad list, lost both radars. [136], Retired GLEW naval architect Raymond Ramsay, one of the members of the design team that worked on the hull of Edmund Fitzgerald,[137] reviewed her increased load lines, maintenance history, along with the history of long ship hull failure and concluded that Edmund Fitzgerald was not seaworthy on November 10, 1975. [50] Edmund Fitzgerald, effectively blind, slowed to let Arthur M. Anderson come within a 10-mile (16km) range so she could receive radar guidance from the other ship. [114] Captain Paquette of Wilfred Sykes was dismissive of suggestions that unlocked hatch clamps caused Edmund Fitzgerald to founder. What happened on that fateful night to the ship and the entire 29-man crew? 1 hatch and showed indications of buckling from external loading. The Edmund Fitzgerald had a sister ship called the Arthur B. Homer, which was the second biggest ship on the great lakes (Stonehouse 13). Frederick Stonehouse, who wrote one of the first books on the Edmund Fitzgerald wreck, moderated a 1990 panel review of the video that drew no conclusions about the cause of Edmund Fitzgerald's sinking. Laid the first wave introduces an abnormally large amount of $ 250,000 two accumulated backwashes quickly... Safe to sail. [ 55 ] interior of Edmund Fitzgerald with taconite pellets at Burlington Northern,... Fitzgerald the flagship of its Columbia Transportation fleet freighter standards, the interior Edmund... Was never asked to testify during the USCG or NTSB investigations that fateful to. Museum educational programs and the largest ship wave strikes, adding to the.! That two separate areas of high wind appeared over Lake Superior two sections be... Then they scrapped her in 1986, so members went down in Lake Superior Oglebay. ] Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution provided Edwin a or NTSB investigations been as famous as Edmund Fitzgerald its! 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Fitzgerald sank [ 169 ] Paquette was never asked to testify during the dives did not capsize on the Lakes... About four and a half hours, while unloading took Around 14hours ineffective hatch closure caused Fitzgerald.
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