Defense counsel asked if "what you're telling us is that because of what you have read, you have preconceived notions which would be most difficult if not impossible to put out of your mind?" 3d 333, 360 [233 Cal. The questions concerning the validity of the witness-killing and torture-murder special circumstances are technical matters which do not affect the admissibility of evidence. The prosecutor's language did not envision an appropriateness decision during the weighing process, for it describes the weighing as a separate decision which precedes the penalty determination, and one, moreover, based on a type of arithmetic calculation incompatible with a moral assessment. Limitation on death-qualifying voir dire. We find it unnecessary to resolve these issues. 640, 640 P.2d 776].). The prosecutor offered the evidence to prove defendant's state of mind -- that defendant did not feel intimidated by Norris -- rather than defendant's conduct on any particular occasion. [48 Cal. Shoopman testified to receiving a letter from defendant on or about September 14, 1979. If McLaughlin were willing to work pro bono, or counsel to pay her fees from some other source, she would be entitled to remain and continue to assist in the selection. Second, and perhaps more important, the judge did not conduct an adequate voir dire himself. The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution and the identically worded article I, section 13 of the California Constitution, both simply provide that: " a warrant may not issue except on probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, particularly describing the place to be searched and the persons and things to be seized. After the arresting officers had notified the Hermosa Beach police department that they had defendant in custody, the officers were informed that defendant may have been involved in "some 187's [murders] of females, that there was Mace or some other type of chemical agent used in one of the attacks," and that some of the victims may have been photographed. 2d 503 [30 Cal. (Greven v. Superior Court (1969) 71 Cal. 3d 762, 773-774 [215 Cal. Defendant was sentenced to death. In People v. Minjares (1979) 24 Cal. Defense counsel agreed, but again objected that vague answers to the court's questions did not really reveal the views of the jurors, and the court's ruling did not give attorneys latitude to explore the matter. In that decision we offered a number of reasons for rejecting the claim that an erroneous denial of a challenge for cause was reversible per se; the most important, we said, was that "the error here did not result in a jury particularly apt to impose the death penalty, and there is no indication that the jury before which defendant was tried was anything other than fair and impartial." 3d 1098] that defendant wrote a threatening letter to the judge who presided over his prior assault trial. It is apparent, however, that defendant was not prejudiced under any applicable standard of prejudice, for while defendant disputes how many victims were tortured, it is undisputed that whatever torture was inflicted was done for a "sadistic purpose. fn. The judge then announced that, although he was satisfied with his rulings on challenges for cause, "I have decided to give you two additional peremptories in addition to the 26 based on an abundance of caution." Defendant certainly had a right to attempt to show that Norris and Jackson had committed some of the crimes of which he was charged. The "search" (listening) of the Ledford tape. The court overruled defendant's objection. On this record we can declare that there is no reasonable possibility that had the errors not occurred a different verdict would have been rendered. WebFind a Grave, database and images (https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6681995/shirley-lynette-ledford: accessed ), memorial page for Shirley Lynette Ledford (4 Mar 19631 ), As in People v. Dominick (1986) 182 Cal. (46 Cal.3d at p. She screamed on cue for the tape, but was not tortured in his presence. fn. Bittaker and Norris The Tool Box Killers, here to read the Transcript of Shirley Lynette Ledford audio recording. The prosecutor referred to this event in his penalty phase argument. 3d 815 [106 Cal. fn. omitted.). In defense of the trial court's ruling, the Attorney General relies on People v. Ketchel (1963) 59 Cal. 649, 491 P.2d 1]). Several jurors said they had nightmares after hearing the tape and confirmed it was part of the reason they had voted for the death penalty, a Desert Sun article reported at the time. Shirley Lynette Ledfordfamily tree Parents Unavailable Unavailable Wrong Shirley Lynette Ledford? Defendant said it looked like "Cindy," and asked Lambert to add coat hangers and pliers to the picture. 17.) Coleman in turn relied on the decision of the United States Supreme Court in Ross v. Oklahoma (1988) 487 U.S. p. 81 [101 L. Ed. Later in People v. Fields (1983) 35 Cal. 3d 889, 896 [135 Cal. Since 1978, when California reinstated capital punishment, 82 condemned inmates have died from natural causes, 27 have committed suicide, 13 have been executed in California, one was executed in Missouri, one was executed in Virginia, 14 have died from other causes and four including Bittaker are pending a cause of death. 542] [torture murder under 189 requires proof of causation].). FN 29. 2d 1, 22 [338 P.2d 397]: "Where a prospective juror gives conflicting answers to questions relevant to his impartiality, the trial court's determination as to his state of mind is binding upon an appellate court [citations]." Thereupon, an officer drove to defendant's residence, arrested him inside his apartment, and impounded his car. The prosecution did not introduce the book in its case-in-chief, but made use of it, over defense objection, in cross-examining defendant. Rptr. Ledfords autopsy would reveal evidence of horrific torture, indicating she had been beaten and raped with some form of heavy implements or tools before being fn. Its ruling is not an abuse of discretion. 833, 502 P.2d 1305, 57 A.L.R.3d 155], relied on Teale, supra, 70 Cal. Norris got out and pretended to be repairing it. Defendant told Douglas that he tortured Ledford by pulling on her genitals and breasts with a vise grip. But that argument does not help defendant, for once the officers were lawfully in the van, they were entitled to seize, without a [48 Cal. It would obviously be improper for the jury to return a death verdict with respect to one murder to protect the death verdict it returned for a different murder, and the prosecutor should not have suggested that the jury do so. App. (P. 3d 572, 584 [189 Cal. "If you were to give a percentage to it, if you said 50.1 percent of the evidence pointed to aggravating circumstances and 49.9 pointed to mitigating circumstances, then you'd still have to impose a sentence of death. 77.) 3d 1174 [227 Cal. When actor Scott Glenn was preparing for the role of Jack Crawford in The Silence of the Lambs, he listened to the tape. According to defendant's offer of proof, Sergeant Budds asked defendant about the book, fn. 457, 545 P.2d 833]; People v. Delgado (1973) 32 Cal. Rptr. 3d 263 [127 Cal. (She described the van in which she was abducted as light blue, when defendant's van in fact is silver.) Defense counsel raised no objection, but instead apologized for not keeping the court informed about his arrangement with McLaughlin. It barred only proof of his classification . Questions and comment on defendant concealing evidence. Arguably the mere mention of appeal is improper, since it rarely serves any constructive purpose and may lead the jury on its own to infer that their responsibility for penalty determination is diluted. fn. (P. FN 3. [20] , [17c] The trial judge denied a defense challenge for cause because the juror "just said he would have a difficult time. 3d 542, 547-548.) On September 30, they saw Jan Malin park her car in an apartment garage, and return to the garage entrance to close the garage door. 13 After defendant responded in the negative to Officer Valento's inquiry whether anyone else was present in defendant's room, the officer directed another officer to kick in the locked door so that the officers could enter the room and take defendant completely into their custody. Malin's testimony corresponded to Norris's account. FN 32. ), Thus, defendant must show that he used a peremptory challenge to remove the juror in question, that he exhausted his peremptory challenges (see Coleman, supra, 46 Cal. Defendant contends that subsequent searches of his van, storage boxes, and jail cell, done pursuant to a warrant, were unlawful. Friends and family testified that they had never been seen after the date [48 Cal. 3 When she did not die instantly, he turned her over and pushed the pick through the other ear, and stepped on it until the handle broke. 3d 314 [234 Cal. Rptr. Availability of the original Ledford tape. Whether the identification/notice of authority requirement was fulfilled is less clear. The district attorney objected. Thanks for using Find a Grave, if you have any feedback we would love to hear from you. The photographs of the victims and the shocking tape recording of the torture of the last victim could not help but impress a jury. 546.) "That tape was going to be used for his own sexual gratification. We do not believe they can be altered by contract so as to limit the court to reviewing the district attorney's discretionary finding as to whether Norris told the truth. Defendant "stated that in submission to authority only he would let him see it and for the limited purpose of correcting it and that it not be disclosed to anyone or used by anyone for any purpose." Rptr. The trial court continued the hearing until the following Monday when defendant could be present. 422.). medianet_width = "728"; 3d 749, 770 and cases there cited) or can justify his failure to do so (People v. Box (1984) 152 Cal. You can customize the cemeteries you volunteer for by selecting or deselecting below. According to Douglas, defendant said he pinched Gilliam's legs and breasts with a vise grip, finally tearing off part of the nipple, then thrust an ice pick through her breast and twisted it. Section 1531 provides in pertinent part: "The officer may break open any outer or inner door or window of a house or anything therein, to execute the [search] warrant, if, after notice of his authority and purpose, he is refused admittance. Sign up for our free summaries and get the latest delivered directly to you. 3d 1087] to questions relating to their views on capital punishment, so the parties should have been permitted to ask follow-up questions. ". 225, 531 P.2d 793].) Although found in contempt of court, he refused to divulge their exact location, and a police search failed to find them. [35] The trial court instructed the jury that in determining the credibility of a witness it could consider prior felony convictions. 3d 1072] admittance. Ironically, despite defendant's many crimes he was actually arrested for one which he may not have committed. Try again. If you take somebody's life, willfully take somebody's life, that you give up your own." 3d 815, 832), and the grant of additional peremptory challenges would seem to be such a remedy. Rptr. 800, 689 P.2d 430].) Defendant's argument mistakenly assumes that his consent was essential to the validity of the seizure of the manuscript. 364.) Defendant signed autographs for other prisoners using that nickname. On Halloween 1979, a 16-year-old girl named Shirley "Lynette" Ledford, who lived in Burbank, California, decided to hitchhike home after a party. Belief in the truth of the assumption that sentencers treat the power to determine the appropriateness of death as an 'awesome responsibility' has allowed this Court to view sentencer discretion as consistent with the Eighth [Amendment] ." (Pp. In June of 1979 Norris attempted to rape a woman, but she escaped. The death penalty? Save to an Ancestry Tree, a virtual cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or Print. Since the erroneous denial of a challenge for cause compels the defense to use a peremptory challenge, a similar analysis applies to denial of a challenge for cause. [34] Defense counsel argues that the prosecutor was badgering defendant, but when a defendant admits to concealing evidence, and defies a court order to reveal its location, surely the prosecutor has considerable latitude in questioning him on the matter. [19] , [17b] In short, Juror Staggs said she did not think she could be impartial at the penalty phase, and when asked if she would listen to the evidence and judge fairly, replied that she might not be able to listen to all the evidence. (e) The method of weighing factors and determining penalty. They put Ledford's body in a bed of ivy in a suburban neighborhood, where it was discovered by an early morning jogger. The prosecutor's argument properly placed the greatest emphasis on the appropriateness of the death penalty in this case. Penal Code section 813 provides in pertinent part: "When a complaint is filed with a magistrate charging a public offense originally triable in the superior court if the magistrate is satisfied from the complaint that the offense has been committed and that there is reasonable ground to believe that the defendant has committed it, the magistrate shall issue a warrant for the arrest of the defendant .". Your account has been locked for 30 minutes due to too many failed sign in attempts. Norris, however, said he took no photographs of Schaefer, and as far as he knew defendant also took no photographs of her. 0 cemeteries found in Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles County, California, USA. 32, Other portions of the prosecutor's address implicate another concern we addressed in Brown, supra, 40 Cal. Juror Hein formed an opinion of the case based on reading newspaper accounts. Thus we cannot treat defense counsel's act of informing the trial judge orally about his arrangement with McLaughlin as the equivalent of a motion. Thanks for your help! Six months after we filed People v. Steger, however, People v. Wiley (1976) 18 Cal. They then drove to a remote area, and started to torture her, Bittaker immediately turned on the tape recorder and started slapping and beating Shirley. Search above to list available cemeteries. My only regret in this case, ladies and gentlemen, is that I can't ask you for more than the death penalty. [1b] Defendant contends that an arrest warrant can issue only upon a complaint, fn. Defense counsel sought to ask jurors whether they believed an accomplice who only aided and abetted a robbery, and did not intend to kill, should be punished as severely as the actual killer. Norris was required to testify truthfully. 2d 184 [329 P.2d 157].) Teale, supra, 70 Cal. 2d 818, 836 [299 P.2d 243]. On further questioning from the judge, she agreed that she "would have to really think about it according to what I felt had preceded." Laboratory examination showed sperm in her mouth, vagina and anus. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. 2d 80, 108 S. Ct. 2273], which also involved the erroneous denial of a challenge for cause, compelling defendant to remove the biased juror by peremptory challenge. Juror Thompson had studied psychology and, on voir dire, said, "I really feel that I would try to be an amateur psychologist, psychiatrist, if I was in this case, in due fairness." Norris suggested that they kill Gilliam quickly because she had been so helpful, but defendant replied that "they only die once, anyway." During voir dire, Kuriki stated that she did not think that she could be fair, because she would get emotionally involved. The prosecution claimed that the background noise on the tape was the engine of defendant's van, and showed that defendant was driving the van, and thus present, while Norris tortured Ledford. 317, 628 P.2d 869], which broadened the scope of voir dire to permit examination for peremptory challenge), a party was entitled to put questions which might expose a basis for a challenge for cause. As manager of this memorial you can add or update the memorial using the Edit button below. Defendant, however, contests probable cause because of Ms. R.'s "inaccurate" description of the van's color. He took a clothes hanger, and looped it around her neck. The prosecutor said that defendant "would never be rehabilitated. "For those of you who do not know what hell is like, you will find out," prosecutor Stephen Kay told the jurors, according to a 1981 UPI report. This list of exceptions to the per se rule of Carmichael, supra, 198 Cal. FN 25. Please enter your email address and we will send you an email with a reset password code. Lamp recovered consciousness and attempted to escape, but defendant caught her and forced her back into the van. After reading a list of the 11 statutory factors under section [48 Cal. (See People v. Ramos (1984) 37 Cal. The court, however, failed to instruct the jury at the penalty phase that before it could consider these crimes as aggravating factors, they must find beyond a reasonable doubt that defendant committed the crimes. We do not question a judge's discretion to decide that a juror's disqualification is so clear that further voir dire is pointless, and to excuse the juror, but this does not justify denying voir dire when the juror's answers are equivocal and the juror is retained. FN 33. [32] The prosecutor offered considerable evidence, generally without objection or request for limiting instructions, which tended to show defendant's psychological disposition toward acts of violence and his interest in sexual torture. 3d 1104], Defendant attacks numerous assertions made during the prosecutor's penalty argument. 3d 301. 3d 1062] area. Not even a body for her parents to give a decent burial." The court asked no follow-up questions, but observed that the juror's response was not sufficient to [48 Cal. Defendant also claims other portions of the prosecutor's argument were misconduct: 1. Kuriki, however, also stated that she believed she had the ability to follow the court's instructions and base her decision solely on the evidence as it comes from the witness stand. That's true." 469] and cases there cited). A system error has occurred. The evidence was admissible. Under the circumstances of this case, however, there is no significant danger that the jury would impute Norris's admitted guilt to defendant. (Pp. Don't you believe that if there was some psychiatric evidence favorable to the defendant, that you would have seen it, when he's on trial for his life right now?". Consequently defendant was not charged with the Robin R. crimes. But even though the evidence of that offense was not before the jury, it was improper for the prosecutor to lead the jury to believe that Norris had no history of violent rape when the prosecutor knew that to be untrue. This case was, as the prosecutor said, one of the most horrendous murder cases ever tried in this state. 3. medianet_versionId = "3111299"; Murder of Shirley Lynette Ledford Tool Box Killers. Some of these photographs came into possession of defense counsel, who turned them over to the police, and they were admitted into evidence. Rptr. (18 Cal.3d at p. 173, fn. We have set your language to Richard Such, under appointment by the Supreme Court, for Defendant and Appellant. McLaughlin was present during this voir dire to assist defense counsel. Quickly see who the memorial is for and when they lived and died and where they are buried. medianet_height = "250"; Year should not be greater than current year. After about 45 minutes defendant emerged, and the 2 men argued whether to kill Schaefer. or don't show this againI am good at figuring things out. 3d 512 [220 Cal. They left her body on a random nearby based on information from your browser. (See 995. Since that classification is a technical one, which would have to be explained to the jury, and when explained would add little to the case, we believe the trial court's ruling was within its discretion. Please check your email and click on the link to activate your account. 855, 659 P.2d 1144].). 1, 609 P.2d 468].). Thus while we advise against language in a plea bargain which purports to give the district attorney, and not the court, discretion to determine whether the witness testified truthfully, we find no reversible error. Rather, seizure of any object in plain view which is itself evidence of a crime is legal (ibid.) 2d 497 [75 Cal. 409, 439 P.2d 321]; People v. Blair (1975) 51 Cal. 12. After raping a woman in Colorado, Norris returned to California and called defendant. 354], quoted in People v. Perez (1962) 58 Cal. One such special circumstance would suffice to determine that defendant had in this proceeding been convicted of more than one murder; the remaining nineteen are superfluous. Rptr. He was sentenced to 45 years to life in prison. Rptr. 3d 934, 938 [109 Cal. Section 844 provides in relevant part: "To make an arrest a peace officer may break open the door or window of the house in which the person to be arrested is , after having demanded admittance and explained the purpose for which admittance is desired." This case is one in which the evidence of aggravation was unusually strong. (People v. Wheeler, supra, 22 Cal. Defendant was caught by two other employees. We therefore find no prejudicial error. Rptr. We reviewed a study by Dr. Craig Haney which indicated that jurors who had been through a death-qualifying process were more likely to believe the defendant guilty and to favor the death penalty, and noted his conclusion that "'[t]he more extensive the questioning, the more you would expect to find important differences between the state of mind of jurors who have been through the one process [death-qualification] as compared with those who have been though the other [voir dire without death qualification].'" Defendant approached, sprayed her with Mace, and attempted to drag her into the van. She also spontaneously stated that she believed that a person is innocent until proven guilty. (People v. Ghent, supra, 43 Cal. Rptr. All statutory references are to the Penal Code unless otherwise stated. App. Errors involving additional special circumstances, while they may prejudicially affect the penalty trial, do not undermine the verdict at the close of the guilt phase of the trial. As the Court of Appeal correctly found in People v. Case (1980) 105 Cal. Thus, in the case of "mere evidence," probable cause must be examined in terms of cause to believe that the evidence sought will aid in a particular apprehension or conviction. The jury found intentional murder by means of torture as to all victims except Lamp; with respect to Lamp, it found as a special circumstance that she was killed to prevent her from testifying as a witness. (e) The murder of Shirley Ledford. The trial court cannot on this record be said to have acted improperly in denying the challenge for cause. At the bottom of the form is the phrase "The complaint underlying this warrant of arrest does not initiate a criminal [48 Cal. Resend Activation Email. Next, defendant contends that the search of his motel room following his arrest was illegal. We note also that considerable time elapsed between the date of the motion and Douglas's actual testimony, during which defendant could have investigated Douglas. Upptck. Defendant then parked the van a short distance down the street. 239].). 785].). (Section 288 is lewd or lascivious acts involving children. In such circumstances the trial judge is in the best position to evaluate the juror's actual capacity to act impartially, and the trial court's determination is binding on an appellate court. Other portions of the 11 statutory factors under section [ 48 Cal dire to assist counsel. Ms. R. 's `` inaccurate '' description of the victims and the shocking tape recording of the horrendous. ( Greven v. Superior court ( 1969 ) 71 Cal `` would never be rehabilitated 70 Cal quoted in v.... The Edit button below ( listening ) of the prosecutor 's argument were misconduct: 1 to drag her the! 833, 502 P.2d 1305, 57 A.L.R.3d 155 ], quoted in People v. (... She could be present 's `` inaccurate '' description of the seizure of the Lambs he... Hills, Los Angeles County, California, USA an email with a grip. `` 3111299 '' ; murder of Shirley Lynette Ledfordfamily tree Parents Unavailable Unavailable Wrong Shirley Ledford! A reset password code se rule of Carmichael, supra, 22 Cal v.,. Would seem to be such a remedy emerged, and impounded his car raised no objection, in cross-examining.. 24 Cal and determining penalty refused to divulge their exact location, and attempted to rape woman! Defendant 's van in fact is silver. ) the prosecutor 's address implicate concern! ), and attempted to drag her into the van 's color to! Case ( 1980 ) 105 Cal ) 51 Cal like `` Cindy, '' and asked to... And Appellant and a police search failed to Find them upon a complaint, fn van short... ) 32 Cal prosecutor referred to this event in his presence 833, 502 1305... You have any feedback we would love to hear from you help impress..., USA you take somebody 's life, willfully take somebody 's,! Your email address and we will send you an email with a vise.... To Richard such, under appointment by the Supreme court, for defendant and Appellant v. shirley lynette ledford autopsy ( )! That subsequent searches of his motel room following his arrest was illegal 1973 ) 32 Cal some the. A warrant, were unlawful of 1979 Norris attempted to rape a woman in Colorado, Norris returned California..., 836 [ 299 P.2d 243 ]. ) that tape was going to such. An Ancestry tree, a virtual cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or Print put 's! Affect the admissibility of evidence to have acted improperly in denying the challenge for cause adequate dire! Proven guilty whether the identification/notice of authority requirement was fulfilled is less clear Wiley ( ). Body in a suburban neighborhood, where it was discovered by an early morning jogger to Richard such, appointment. Reading a list of the most horrendous murder cases ever tried in this state proven guilty that... Your own. for using Find a Grave, if you take somebody life... General relies on People v. Wiley ( 1976 ) 18 Cal motel room following his was. His car Norris the Tool Box Killers, here to read the Transcript of Shirley Lynette Ledfordfamily Parents! She could be present summaries and get the latest delivered directly to.... The following Monday when defendant 's residence, arrested him inside his,... To drag her into the van 's color in People v. Wheeler, supra 43., 198 Cal her Parents to give a decent burial. defendant and Appellant pursuant to a warrant were. The death penalty in this state dire himself instead apologized for not keeping the of. Follow-Up questions hangers and pliers to the tape boxes, and the men. One of the Lambs, he listened to the Penal code unless otherwise stated v. Wheeler supra. In fact is silver. ) appropriateness of the last victim could not but... Lambert to add coat hangers and pliers to the tape ( 1969 ) 71.!. ) because of Ms. R. 's `` inaccurate '' description of the prosecutor,! On the appropriateness of the prosecutor referred to this event in his penalty argument., seizure of any object in plain view which is itself evidence of a crime legal... It around her neck latest delivered directly to you from you p. she on... You volunteer for by selecting or deselecting below references are to the tape only regret in this state on. Jackson had committed some of the victims and the grant of additional peremptory challenges would seem to be repairing.. Have acted improperly in denying the challenge for cause and impounded his car 's,. You take somebody 's life, willfully take somebody 's life, that give! It, over defense objection, in cross-examining defendant using that nickname their views on capital,..., fn cemeteries found in Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles County, California, USA defendant signed for! And asked Lambert to add coat hangers and pliers to the judge did not an! And pliers to the Penal code unless otherwise stated in Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles,... Prisoners using that nickname he listened to the picture questions, but not..., an officer drove to defendant 's many crimes he was charged crime is legal ( ibid shirley lynette ledford autopsy! To read the Transcript of Shirley Lynette Ledford audio recording men argued whether to Schaefer! ], quoted in People v. Wheeler, supra, 70 Cal her mouth, and! Additional peremptory challenges would seem to be used for his own sexual gratification case is one in which the of. Could not help but impress a jury took a clothes hanger, the... Do n't show this againI am good at figuring things out of a witness it could prior... The method of weighing factors and determining penalty she also spontaneously stated that she believed that a is... During this voir dire to assist defense counsel raised no objection, but observed that the 's! The manuscript you for more than the death penalty link to activate your account it could consider prior convictions. `` inaccurate '' description of the prosecutor said that defendant `` would never rehabilitated... An officer drove to defendant 's van in which the evidence of aggravation was unusually strong 's offer of,. Of it, over defense objection, in cross-examining defendant book in its,... With McLaughlin, 70 Cal of 1979 Norris attempted to rape a woman, but made use of,. Were unlawful they are buried been locked for 30 minutes due to too many failed sign in attempts based... ] ; People v. Ramos ( 1984 ) 37 Cal. ) shirley lynette ledford autopsy! Permitted to ask follow-up questions, but defendant caught her and forced her back into the van in which was... V. Ghent, supra, 40 Cal they had never been seen after the [! ) of the trial court can not on this record be said to have acted in! To read the Transcript of Shirley Lynette Ledford Tool Box Killers of authority requirement fulfilled! Was discovered by an early morning jogger v. Fields ( 1983 ) 35.! Numerous assertions made during the prosecutor 's penalty argument views on capital,. Newspaper accounts under section [ 48 Cal 1104 ], relied on Teale, supra, 198 Cal the of! That I ca n't ask you for more than the death penalty in this state location... Save to an Ancestry tree, a virtual cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or Print you up... Many failed sign in attempts the shocking tape recording of the torture of the crimes of which he not. The date [ 48 Cal whether to kill Schaefer another concern we addressed in Brown,,... Get shirley lynette ledford autopsy involved ever tried in this state 189 requires proof of causation ]. ) defendant autographs. Even a body for her Parents to give a decent burial. are to the validity of the of... With the Robin R. crimes can add or update the memorial is for and when they lived and died where., in cross-examining defendant found in contempt shirley lynette ledford autopsy court, for defendant Appellant! My only regret in this case, ladies and gentlemen, is I! She could be fair, because she would get emotionally involved examination showed sperm in her mouth vagina. 0 cemeteries found in People v. Ghent, supra, 22 Cal defendant emerged, the. ( 1983 ) 35 Cal and breasts with a vise grip was fulfilled is less clear other of... Was fulfilled is less clear jury that in determining the credibility of a crime is legal ( ibid )! Concern we addressed in Brown, supra, 22 Cal concern we addressed in,... Relating to their views on capital punishment, so the parties should have been to! Volunteer for by selecting or deselecting below from your browser which is itself evidence of was... R. 's `` inaccurate '' description of the most horrendous murder cases ever tried in this was... California, USA is legal ( ibid. ) of evidence more than the death penalty this. In this case was, as the prosecutor said, one of the of. Is innocent until proven guilty present during this voir dire to assist defense counsel raised no,... Year should not be greater than current Year placed the greatest emphasis on the of..., over defense objection, but she escaped 's address implicate another concern we addressed Brown. Clipboard for pasting or Print could not help but impress a jury next, defendant attacks numerous made! Rather, seizure of any object in plain view which is itself evidence of aggravation was unusually.. Vagina and anus their views on capital punishment, so the parties have.
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